🌍 Hydrogeological and Water Quality Assessment of the Amman–Wadi as Sir Aquifer, Northeastern Jordan 💧
🧭 Introduction
Groundwater is a vital resource in arid and semi-arid regions like Jordan. The Amman–Wadi as Sir Aquifer (A7/B2) plays a crucial role in meeting domestic, agricultural, and industrial water demands in northeastern Jordan. Understanding its hydrogeological behavior and water quality status is essential for sustainable groundwater management.
Hydrogeological Characteristics
The Amman–Wadi as Sir Aquifer is primarily composed of limestone, chert, and marl formations, allowing moderate to high groundwater storage and transmissivity.
🔹 Aquifer type: Confined to semi-confined
🔹 Recharge sources: Rainfall infiltration 🌧️ and lateral inflow
🔹 Groundwater flow: Predominantly from west to east ➡️
🔹 Hydraulic properties: Favorable for groundwater abstraction
These features make the aquifer one of the most productive groundwater systems in the region.
🧪 Groundwater Quality Evaluation
Water quality analysis reveals variations influenced by geology, recharge conditions, and human activities.
💠 Major ions: Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺, HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻
💠 Water type: Mostly calcium-bicarbonate to mixed facies
💠 Salinity levels: Generally within acceptable limits
📊 The groundwater is largely suitable for drinking and irrigation, although localized areas show elevated salinity and nitrate levels due to agricultural practices.
🌱 Environmental and Human Impacts
🚜 Agricultural runoff
🏘️ Urban expansion
🏭 Industrial activities
These factors pose potential risks to groundwater quality, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and protection strategies.
🔍 Key Findings
✅ Productive carbonate aquifer system
✅ Mostly good groundwater quality
⚠️ Localized contamination risks
♻️ Need for sustainable groundwater management
🌊 Conclusion
The Amman–Wadi as Sir Aquifer is a strategic water resource for northeastern Jordan. Comprehensive hydrogeological characterization and regular water quality assessment are essential to ensure its long-term sustainability and protect it from over-exploitation and pollution.
📌 Keywords
Hydrogeology • Groundwater Quality • Amman Aquifer • Wadi as Sir • Jordan Water Resources
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